The first land plants evolved around 468 million years ago, and reproduced using spores. The earliest seed bearing p… 展开

Angiosperm seeds are "enclosed seeds", produced in a hard or fleshy structure called a fruit that encloses them for protection. Some fruits have layers of both hard and fleshy material. In gymnosperms, no special struct… 展开

Seeds are very diverse, and as such there are many terms are used to describe them.
• Bean-shaped (reniform) – resembling a kidney, with lobed ends on either side of the hilum
• Square or Oblong – angular, with all sides being ei… 展开

A typical seed includes two basic parts:
1. an embryo;
2. a seed coat.
In addition, the endosperm forms a supply of nutrients for the embryo in most monocotyledons … 展开

Seeds serve several functions for the plants that produce them. Key among these functions are nourishment of the embryo, dispersal to a new location, and dormancy during unfavorable conditions. Seeds fundamentally ar… 展开

Seed germination is a process by which a seed embryo develops into a seedling. It involves the reactivation of the metabolic pathways that lead to growth and the emergence of the radicle or seed root and plumule or shoot… 展开