Phosphogypsum | US EPA - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2024年11月25日 · EPA's regulations allow the removal of phosphogypsum from stacks, under certain conditions and restrictions, for two uses: outdoor agricultural purposes and indoor research and development. Any other use of phosphogypsum requires prior approval from EPA.
Radioactive Material From Fertilizer Production | US EPA
2024年9月3日 · Phosphogypsum waste is stored in stacks. Phosphate rock contains the mineral phosphorus, an ingredient used in some fertilizers to help plants grow strong roots. Phosphate rock contains small amounts of naturally-occurring radionuclides, mostly uranium and radium.
Phosphogypsum - Wikipedia
Phosphogypsum stack located near Kėdainiai, Lithuania. Phosphogypsum (PG) is the calcium sulfate hydrate formed as a by-product of the production of fertilizer, particularly phosphoric acid, from phosphate rock. It is mainly composed of gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O).
Phosphogypsum Stacks - Florida Polytechnic University
There are currently about 1 billion tons of phosphogypsum stacked in 24 stacks in Florida and about 30 million new tons are generated each year. Other areas of the world, however, looked at phosphogypsum as a valuable raw material and developed processes to use it in chemical manufacture and construction materials.
TENORM: Fertilizer and Fertilizer Production Wastes | US EPA
2024年2月5日 · Radium concentrations at phosphogypsum stacks range from 0.4 - 1.3 Bq/g (11 - 35 pCi/g). Stacks are constructed with little or no soil preparation.
Radioactive waste roads in Florida: Phosphogypsum can be …
2023年6月30日 · Florida's prominent role means the state also has massive waste sites called phosphogypsum stacks, or "gypstacks." Such stacks can be very large — spanning up to 800 acres and about 200 feet in...
Potential Uses of Phosphogypsum and Associated Risks: …
In 1989, the total base area of all phosphogypsum stacks in the United States was approximately 8,490 acres, of which 69 percent was associated with operating stacks, 14 percent with idle stacks, and 17 percent with inactive stacks.
Environmentalists Target Mountains of Fertilizer Waste - Undark …
2022年4月13日 · The plastic liner of a 77-acre retention pond on top of a phosphogypsum stack at Piney Point had leaked, threatening to inundate the surrounding community with 460 million gallons of acidic water.
Properties, Purification, and Applications of Phosphogypsum: A ...
2024年2月26日 · Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of phosphoric acid production, where worldwide PG generation exceeds 300 million tons annually.
Phosphogypsum – An Industrial Byproduct with Value
Phosphogypsum is a by-product of the phosphates industry. Produced in significant quantities, the material is considered a waste in the US due to radioactivity, where the primary means of management is storage in “stacks.”