Kynurenine is present in the lens and retina as one of multiple tryptophan derivatives produced in the eye, including 3-hydroxykynurenine, that together provide UV protection and aid in enhancing visual acuity. [5][6] The use of kynurenine as a UV filter is consistent with its photostability and low photosensitization, owing to its efficient rel...

It is the primary route for tryptophan catabolism in the liver and the starting point for the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in mammals. Dysregulation or overactivation of this pathway can lead to immune system activation and accumulation of potentially neurotoxic compounds.

The kynurenine pathway is a metabolic pathway leading to the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +). [1] Metabolites involved in the kynurenine pathway include tryptophan , kynurenine , kynurenic acid , xanthurenic acid , quinolinic acid , and 3-hydroxykynurenine .

The kynurenine pathway displays two essential functions (i) it fuels NAD + production for the organism from tryptophan, and (ii) it dampens inflammatory responses in immune-privileged sites (including eye, brain, placenta and colon) through the production of immunosuppressive intermediate metabolites (kynurenine, anthranilic acid (AA) and 3 ...

Kynurenine is a ketone and an amino acid derivative that is synthesized by either tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO)- or indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-mediated oxidation of tryptophan with diverse biological functions, including vasodilatory, …

Kynurenine (KYN) is a circulating tryptophan metabolite that is known to increase with age and is a ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr). Here, we tested the hypothesis that KYN activation of Ahr plays a role in muscle loss with aging.

2019年4月12日 · The kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a critical role in generating cellular energy in the form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).

2022年10月6日 · Kynurenine, a major tryptophan derivative, and its metabolites have been implicated in several inflammation-associated pain syndromes and depressive mood disorders.

2024年8月2日 · The kynurenine pathway serves as the primary route for tryptophan degradation and holds critical significance in various biological processes, including the regulation of neurotransmitters, immune responses, cancer development, metabolism, and inflammation.

Kynurenine, the first product of tryptophan degradation via the kynurenine pathway, has become one of the most frequently mentioned biomarkers in recent years. Its levels in the body indicate the state of the human physiology.