Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora, …
Hesperocyoninae, as presently defined, is likely a paraphyletic taxon. The subfamily may be characterized by possession of a trenchant talonid of lower first molars, in contrast to basined talonids in the Borophaginae and Caninae.
Cope's Rule, Hypercarnivory, and Extinction in North American …
In the Hesperocyoninae, M 1 length underwent a 400% expansion over 25 million years, and it increased by 600% over 35 million years in the Borophaginae. Increase in body size was accompanied by a disappearance of small species in both groups.
Iterative evolution of large-bodied hypercarnivory in canids …
Aug 21, 2020 · Fossil dogs arose in North America ~40 million years ago (Ma), radiating into over 130 species in three subfamilies: Hesperocyoninae, Borophaginae, and Caninae 24,25,26.
Ancestry: Evolutionary history, molecular systematics, and …
This chapter discusses the evolutionary history, molecular systematics, and evolutionary ecology of canids. Topics covered include the Hesperocyoninae, Borophaginae, and Caninae subfamilies; morphological and molecular phylogenies; and iterative evolution of hypercarnivory.
Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora: Canidae)
Jan 1, 1994 · A phylogenetic analysis of these species is performed using cladistic methods, with Hesperocyoninae, an archaic group of canids, as an outgroup.
Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae ...
A total of 66 species of borophagines, including 18 new species, ranging from Orellan through Blancan ages, are presently recognized. A phylogenetic analysis of these species is performed using cladistic methods, with Hesperocyoninae, an archaic group of canids, as an outgroup.
Phylogeny, classification, and evolutionary ecology of the …
Jan 1, 2004 · For the Hesperocyoninae and Borophaginae, their stratigraphic ranges were broken into thirds; for the Caninae, four time divisions were used because of the large number of species appearing in...
From ‘third pole’ to north pole: a Himalayan origin for the arctic fox
Jul 22, 2014 · The ‘third pole’ of the world is a fitting metaphor for the Himalayan–Tibetan Plateau, in allusion to its vast frozen terrain, rivalling the Arctic and Antarctic, at high altitude but low latitude.
canid subfamilies, Hesperocyoninae, Boro phaginae, and Caninae, borophagines over lapped most extensively with hyaenids in both temporal occurrence and morphological similarity, and surpassed Hyaenidae in taxo nomic richness and ecologic breadth, the latter aspect evident in ecomorphs such as the extremely hypocarnivorous Cynarctus and
The Fossil Record of Canids (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in …
Oct 24, 2021 · The Hesperocyoninae occurred at ~38.0 Ma and disappeared at ~15.0 Ma, the Borophaginae survived during 34.0–2.0 Ma, and the Caninae are still present (Van Valkenburg et al. 2004). All Greek canids belong to the subfamily …
Osbornodon iamonensis – Florida Vertebrate Fossils
Jun 23, 2021 · Hesperocyoninae represents the most primitive subfamily of dogs. They are identified by a few distinct features: a basined talonid in the lower first and second molars, more quadrate and enlarged upper second molars, and enlarged lower second molars.
The role of clade competition in the diversification of North …
Jul 7, 2015 · Canids comprise three clades: the Hesperocyoninae and Borophaginae subfamilies, which are extinct, and the subfamily Caninae, which includes extinct and living species. Their diversification dynamics have been causally linked to the evolution of intrinsic properties, including increase in body size and an exclusively carnivorous diet ...
Hesperocyoninae The Subfamily Hesperocyoninae is the first major clade with a total of 28 species. Its earliest members are species of the small fox-like form, Hesperocyon,
In most instances, the cause of the decline remains a puzzle. Here we argue that energetic constraints and pervasive selection for larger size (Cope’s rule) in carnivores lead to dietary specialization (hypercarnivory) and increased vulnerability to extinction.
Canidae: Hesperocyoninae - Helsinki
After Alroy, 2002 <==o †Hesperocyoninae ("alkukoirat") |--+-- †Caedocyon tedfordi Wang, 1994 | |-- †Paraenhydrocyon josephi (Cope, 1881) Wang, 1994 [Temnocyon ...
(a–b) Summary of phylogenetic trees of extant Caninae …
Currently, bacula have been described from only two extinct species of canids, one from the subfamily Caninae and the other from the extinct subfamily Hesperocyoninae.
Fossil bacula of five species of Borophaginae (Family: Canidae ...
Jan 17, 2023 · Currently, bacula have been described from only two extinct species of canids, one from the subfamily Caninae and the other from the extinct subfamily Hesperocyoninae. Here, I describe the bacula of five extinct species of Borophaginae, each of which was found with other skeletal elements that have enabled identification to the species level.
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