The Ninth Amendment (Amendment IX) to the United States Constitution addresses rights, retained by the people, that are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution. It is part of the Bill of Rights.

The Ninth Amendment was James Madison’s attempt to ensure that the Bill of Rights was not seen as granting to the people of the United States only the specific rights it addressed.

The original text of the Ninth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States.

Ninth Amendment, amendment (1791) to the Constitution of the United States, part of the Bill of Rights, formally stating that the people retain rights absent specific enumeration. The full text of the Ninth Amendment is: The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the ...

2015年9月30日 · The 9th Amendment was added to the United States Constitution on September 5, 1789. The amendment, part of the Bill of Rights, states that the American people have individual rights that may not be listed in the Constitution, and that these rights cannot be violated.

2023年11月7日 · 9th Amendment Overview. The 9th Amendment of the United States Constitution is one of the most overlooked and understudied amendments in the document. However, it is a vital amendment that is responsible for protecting individual rights and limiting the powers of the federal government.

2010年4月9日 · The Ninth Amendment provides that the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution should not be construed to mean that the Constitution does not protect rights that are not enumerated. The Amendment was included in the Bill of Rights to address fears that expressly protecting certain rights might be misinterpreted implicitly to sanction ...

Justice Black viewed the Ninth Amendment ground as essentially a variation of the due process argument under which Justices claimed the right to void legislation as irrational, unreasonable, or offensive, without finding any violation of an express constitutional provision.

2024年10月28日 · The 9th Amendment states that the rights not specified in the Constitution belong to the people, not the federal government. This means the rights that are specified in the Constitution are not the only ones the people can claim.

The Ninth Amendment tells us that the existence of a written constitution should not be treated as an excuse for ignoring nontextual rights, but it also tells us that the advocates of these rights cannot rest on ancient constitutional text to establish their existence.