Alcohol | Definition, Formula, & Facts | Britannica
Alcohol, any of a class of organic compounds with one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group. Alcohols may be considered as organic derivatives of water …
Structure and classification of alcohols - Encyclopedia Britannica
One way of classifying alcohols is based on which carbon atom is bonded to the hydroxyl group. If this carbon is primary (1°, bonded to only one other carbon atom), the compound is a primary …
Alcohol - Boiling Point, Solubility, Flammability | Britannica
Alcohol - Boiling Point, Solubility, Flammability: Most of the common alcohols are colourless liquids at room temperature. Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol are free …
Alcohol - Reactions, Chemistry, Uses | Britannica
The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, …
Chemical compound - Alcohols, Phenols, Structure | Britannica
2024年10月18日 · Chemical compound - Alcohols, Phenols, Structure: An oxygen atom normally forms two σ bonds with other atoms; the water molecule, H2O, is the simplest and most …
Alcohol - Ethanol, Methanol, Propanol | Britannica
chemical compound: Alcohols and phenols Methanol has a high octane rating and a low emission of pollutants—characteristics that make it a valuable fuel for automobile engines. From the late …
Alcohol - Fermentation, Synthesis, Distillation | Britannica
A wide variety of alcohols can be synthesized by Grignard additions. A Grignard reagent adds to formaldehyde to give a primary alcohol with one additional carbon atom, to an aldehyde to …
Alcohol - Esterification, Chemistry, Reactions | Britannica
Alcohol - Esterification, Chemistry, Reactions: Alcohols can combine with many kinds of acids to form esters. When no type of acid is specified, the word ester is assumed to mean a carboxylic …
Butyl alcohol | Solvent, Industrial, Cleaning | Britannica
Butyl alcohol (C4H9OH), any of four organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures: normal (n-) butyl alcohol, secondary (sec-) butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, …
Amyl alcohol | Fermentation, Distillation, Isomerization | Britannica
In the first of these methods, introduced in 1926, the chlorination of pentane gives mixed amyl chlorides that are converted to the desired alcohols by reaction with water and caustic alkali. A …