Nitration - Wikipedia
In organic chemistry, nitration is a general class of chemical processes for the introduction of a nitro group (−NO2) into an organic compound. The term also is applied incorrectly to the different process of forming nitrate esters (−ONO2) between alcohols and nitric acid (as occurs in the synthesis of nitroglycerin).
Nitration: Definition, Reaction, Examples, and Mechanism
Nitration. Nitration is the process of adding a nitro group into an organic compound like aromatic compound, alcohol, glycol, glycerine, aromatic amine, and paraffin. Most compounds are nitrated by an ionic mixture of strong acids containing nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is used because nitric acid is a slow electrophile.
22.4: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution - Chemistry LibreTexts
2021年7月31日 · Nitration. The nitronium ion, NO + 2, is the active nitrating agent in nitric acid-sulfuric acid mixtures. The nitration of methylbenzene (toluene) is a typical example of a nitration that proceeds well using nitric acid in a 1:2 mixture with sulfuric acid.
4.7: Nitration of Alkanes - Chemistry LibreTexts
2021年7月30日 · Another reaction of commercial importance is the nitration of alkanes to give nitroparaffins. Such reactions usually are carried out in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures using nitric acid (\(HNO_3\)) or nitrogen tetroxide (\(N_2O_4\)) as the nitrating agent:
Although many chemists and chemical engineers consider nitration processes as mature, if not ancient, considerable new information has been obtained in the last 10-15 years that clarifies the chemistry and indicates methods to obtain previously unattainable or …
The Nitration of Benzene - Chemistry LibreTexts
2023年1月23日 · This page gives you the facts and a simple, uncluttered mechanism for the electrophilic substitution reaction between benzene and a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.
Nitration - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Nitration is the process which introduce one or more nitro groups (serve as chromophores) into aromatic ring system and they are meta -directing groups. Nitration reaction involves chemical agents sus as Nitric acid (HNO 3).
Facile access to nitroarenes and nitroheteroarenes using N ...
2019年7月30日 · Here, the authors report a bench-stable, inexpensive, easy to synthesize and recyclable nitrating reagent based on saccharin, allowing for nitration of (hetero)arenes with broad scope.
Characteristics of Nitrating Reagents | SpringerLink
2019年3月7日 · The nitrating reagent from nitric acid–acetic anhydride can follow four typical nitration reactions. The nitration of atoms with different structures with nitrating reagent from acetic anhydride and nitric acid is as follows: (1) Nitration of aliphatic carbon atoms
Synthetic Protocols for Aromatic Nitration: A Review
2021年2月9日 · Nitration of aromatic compounds represents a powerful and widely used transformation that allows introducing nitro group into aromatic systems. New synthetic strategies for aromatic nitration are deeply needed, including highly …