If the clinical history is not helpful (e.g., there is no documentation of the efficacy of drug "A"), then measuring a renin level (either plasma renin activity or direct renin) can be helpful ...

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a major risk factor for heart disease and comes with a significant ...

To reach this blood pressure goal, intensive lifestyle intervention and often combinations of different antihypertensive drugs must be initiated. In combination treatment, a blocker of the renin ...

Drugs for diabetic kidney disease treatment have greatly expanded, allowing research and consensus on their optimal use.

Drawing inferences from observational data with possible confounding Heart failure is increasing in prevalence and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,1 with prevalence ranging from ...

Medications are usually the first line of treatment for bipolar disorder. Mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines may be part of the management plan on their own or in combination ...

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are medications that relax blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more freely, which lowers blood pressure. ARBs are used to treat hypertension (high blood ...

Figure 1. Schematic of RAS and site of action of ACE inhibitors and ARBs. Unlike ARBs, ACE (kininase II) inhibitors inhibit bradykinin breakdown. Augmentation of bradykinin may have actions including ...

Drugs such as Novo Nordisk’s blockbuster Ozempic can cut drug and alcohol abuse by up to 50% according to a new study, adding to mounting evidence that the drugs yield health benefits beyond ...

Some drugs can cause a type of liver damage known as drug-induced liver disease, or drug-induced liver injury. These drugs include both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Taking a ...

Symptoms can range from acute (short-term) mania to depression and depressive episodes. Luckily, multiple treatments exist that can help you manage the condition. Medications such as mood stabilizers, ...