In the water molecule, the oxygen and hydrogen atoms share electrons in covalent bonds. There are a total of 10 protons and 10 electrons, so the water molecule is neutral. The electron cloud model ...

The atoms bond because there is a strong enough attraction in both directions and room for the electrons in the outer energy level of the atoms. When two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom get close ...

Silica has a giant covalent structure containing silicon atoms (grey) and oxygen atoms (red) Learn more on properties of giant covalent compounds in this podcast. Listen to the full series on BBC ...

It is relative to hydrogen which was assigned a value of 2.20 on the Pauling scale. In an oxygen (O2) molecule, both atoms have the same electronegativity. The electrons in the covalent bond are ...