Nanofiltration is a technology that removes small particles and molecules from liquids, widely used in water treatment, food, and pharmaceuticals. As the need for cleaner water and efficient ...

The gas separation membrane market is expected to grow from an estimated USD 1141.5 million in 2024 to USD 2188.5 million in 2033, at a CAGR of 7.50%.

To address these issues, this study employs distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFSs) for measuring flow velocity in water-filled pipes, and the effectiveness is validated by the fiber Bragg grating ...