Background: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a congenital defect between the atria, resulting in abnormal hemodynamics. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify common genetic ...

Experienced surgeons are able to resect gross perineural tumor spread proximally until they reach the skull at the level of the foramen rotundum/ovale or the vidian canal. However, as noted in the ...