能障礙、腸道的解剖学異常，包括瘘、在手術後形成的憩室病及盲袢綜合征（英语：blind loop syndrome）、迴盲腸瓣膜（英语：ileo-cecal valve）切除、因腸胃炎引發的小腸變化、以及特定藥物的影響，包括氫離子幫浦阻斷劑。 小腸細菌過度生長可以用要素飲食（英语 ...

Located over the entire surface of the small intestine, the villus can be found from about the common bile duct to the ileocecal valve. A single layer of columnar epithelium containing capillaries ...