Hydrogels, which are soft materials made of water-filled, crosslinked polymer networks, have a wide range of uses, from wound ...

However, the rapid release of CO₂ after gelation limits calcium ion availability, resulting in reduced crosslinking of the alginate chains.

Hydrogels created using carbon dioxide (CO₂) offer a safer alternative to those formed with acidic agents. While most research has focused on pre-gelation conditions affecting hydrogel properties, ...

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