From nearly indestructible metals, like tungsten, to delicate clouds in the sky, atoms make up everything around us. But do these atoms ever touch each other? As with most topics in atomic physics ...
Laser absorption spectroscopy is widely used for sensitive and quantitative detection of trace species. In this chapter, the density-matrix approach is used to introduce laser absorption spectroscopy.
The atoms were hemmed in by each other. This caused them to be unable to move up or down in energy level. At this point the particles are so packed together, when you send in particles of light ...
But that sensitivity can be muddled by the small fluctuations, or “quantum noise”, in the atoms’ states. Receive a weekly dose of discovery in your inbox! We'll also keep you up to date with ...
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