Below this is the troposphere, which is in contact with the oceans and therefore directly affected by conditions at the ocean surface. By contrast, the stratosphere — although affected by waves ...
In the case of hurricanes, wind shear is important primarily in the vertical direction--from the surface to the top of the troposphere. The troposphere is the region of the atmosphere that our ...
Both rockets and reentering satellites inject air pollution into higher layers of the atmosphere, which are out of reach of ground-based polluters. Even aircraft emissions are contained within the ...