V must function as a host for the grammatical features of tense. Neither NP, N, AP, A, PP nor P can function as a host for tense in English: The above structure represents lowering. Will take a ...

Most novels are written in the past tense. Readers are more familiar with this tense because they are used to being told a story that has already taken place. For most verbs you add an ‘ed’ at ...

It’s easiest to understand if you have a model in your hand — cut the strings and the structure falls apart. We’re used to thinking of integrity in terms of compression. Most man-made ...