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With Kamala Harris’s concession, America stands at a crossroads, deciding whether to return to the foundations of White ...

Lincoln’s assassination, and the ineffectual leadership of his successor, Andrew Johnson, enabled the Congress to control ...

Finally, on March 30, 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment became part of the Constitution. To many, it felt like the last step of reconstruction. But just as some had predicted, Southerners found ways ...

Federal policy on slavery and race, particularly the three Reconstruction amendments, are the best-known legal innovations of the era. Change, however, permeated all levels of the legal system, ...

Summers, retired judge and state attorney general. The Fifteenth Amendment was the last of three Reconstruction Amendments. The first two were ratified in 1865 and 1868, respectively. The 15th ...

Thus, the Equal Protection Clause can be understood only as an organic part of the Fourteenth Amendment and in the broader context of all the Reconstruction amendments. Under current Supreme Court ...

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude ...