W hen did humans start “putting pen to paper” and expressing their thoughts through a series of complex symbols? An important ...

The development of the Assyrian state and empire, until its fall in 612 BC, is illustrated by objects excavated in its palaces. Mesopotamia's highly developed literature and learning are shown by clay ...

In the half-dark of a third-floor office, Danielle Levy lifted a clay tablet out of its box. Carefully examining it with ...

Some of the symbols on these cylinder seals correspond to those used in proto-cuneiform, a form of proto-writing used in Mesopotamia. The finding indicates that the invention of writing in ...

In the Nile Delta, farming the redolent vine is both a tradition and a vital way to make a living.

Researchers discover that ancient cylinder seals may hold the key to decoding undeciphered proto-cuneiform signs.

Using a sheep’s liver to predict the outcome of the US election makes a serious point about how humans have coped with uncertainty throughout history.

New research traces Mesopotamia origins of writing back to trade symbols. Credit: Metropolitan Museum of Art / CC0 Researchers have found the origins of writing and explained that the world’s oldest ...

In Between Symbols and Language For this study, researchers started 6,000 years ago, in the Mesopotamian city of Uruk, which is located in what is now Iraq. Uruk was a major trade hub, reaching as far ...

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