No scientific studies have established a causal relationship between the Pfizer vaccine and conditions that cause the excessive growth of breasts.

N ew research from the Journal of Applied Social Psychology presents causal evidence that conspiracy beliefs can damage relationships. Using a series of experiments, the study found that when one ...

These issues may lead to confounding bias, which can be misleading when attempting to learn the true causal relationships and causal effects between variables. In this survey, we provide a ...

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A new report from a federal advisory panel charged with examining the evidence concerning the health outcomes associated with ...

DoWhy is a Python library for causal inference that supports explicit modeling and testing of causal assumptions. DoWhy is based on a unified language for causal inference, combining causal graphical ...

or “common cause” not in the postulated causal pathway; such a variable must be itself associated with both presumed cause and outcome. Connection is one of three essential properties of cause ...