Topological Defects: Features in a field that arise from the topology of the system, often associated with phase transitions and symmetry breaking. Fusion Algebra: A mathematical structure that ...

Module: An algebraic structure similar to a vector space, where the scalars come from a ring instead of a field. Homology: A mathematical concept that studies topological spaces through algebraic ...

Algebraic geometry deals primarily with solutions lying in an algebraically closed field, while arithmetic geometry deals with the more subtle study of solutions lying in a number field or its rings ...