Instead, there are presently three very different originalist theories of the Ninth Amendment’s original meaning and modern significance. Before discussing the leading originalist theories of ...

Ponnuru’s interpretation is the very same one that the Ninth Amendment was designed to prevent: It’s simply not true that enumerated rights — those explicitly spelled out in the Constitution ...

Over five separate opinions, seventeen Ninth Circuit judges—three ... a dubious holding premised on a fanciful interpretation of the Eighth Amendment. We are the first and only federal circuit ...