like XOR or NAND, which are derived from the three basic circuits. It is best to use parenthesis to clarify the order of operations when using these operations. Using Boolean algebra as switching ...

First, you should minimize the number of XOR and NAND gates by using Boolean algebra or Karnaugh maps to simplify your expressions. Second, you should use proper timing analysis and simulation ...

All Boolean expressions are pushed onto the stack ... Nested parenthesis are allowed. For example, the xor gate could be created in one line using nested parenthesis. + (* (! x) y) (* (! y) x) Once ...

Number Systems: Binary, Decimal, Octal, Hexadecimal. Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NOR. Boolean Algebra: Simplification using laws. SOP (Sum-of-Products) and ...