including phase contrast microscopy, adaptive optics and machine vision. Phase measurements are usually performed using Shack–Hartmann sensors, but the cost and size of these devices precludes ...

Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) is a powerful imaging technique that combines the principles ... This mode is particularly useful for studying complex, heterogeneous materials with ...

While fuorescence has become the dominant mode in biological microscopy nowadays for its high molecular contrast, the capability of other modes based on scattering, polarization, and interference, and ...

This new imaging system merges high-speed photography with a century-old technique called phase-contrast microscopy, invented by Dutch physicist Frits Zernike. Phase-contrast microscopy leverages ...