"The occurrence of ringwoodite together with the hydrous phases indicate a wet environment at this boundary," a team of researchers led by mineral physicist Tingting Gu of the Gemological Institute of ...

Evidence of water at the transition zone has been ... "Even though a local H 2 O enrichment was suggested for the mantle transition zone based on the previous ringwoodite finding, the ringwoodite ...

the effects of water may keep the transition zone enriched in trace elements 10, and a concentration of trace elements may exist in a 'magma ocean' that has always existed above the core–mantle ...