The differential diagnoses of SVC syndrome include cardiac tamponade and right ventricular dysfunction. Dedicated cardiac imaging with echocardiography can distinguish between these diagnoses.

A multimodal approach for the treatment of upper extremity thrombosis, developed by Machleder, [14] was adopted in the patient, and proved to be successful.

The IVC is responsible for returning all of the blood below the diaphragm, while the superior ... as inferior vena cava syndrome (IVCS). This describes a sequence of signs and symptoms resulting ...