Stroke volume is maintained in the elderly person by an increase in end-diastolic volume through the Frank-Starling mechanism at every level of exercise. In younger subjects the stroke volume is ...

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output. is the total volume of blood pumped out by the left ventricle every minute. It can be calculated using the following equation: \(\text{cardiac output} ...

This is called cardiac output. To calculate cardiac output, we also need to know about heart rate and stroke volume. Cardiac output (Q) is the amount of blood pumped from the heart every minute ...

Brain oedema after major ischaemic infarction is a life-threatening complication for which no preventive therapy exists. Decompressive hemicraniectomy can be lifesaving and improve functional outcomes ...

Stroke risk assessment can be achieved using speckle contrast optical spectroscopy to monitor changes in brain blood flow and volume during breath-holding.