The inferior vena cava (also known as IVC or the posterior ... the IVC before it makes its way up to the heart: The left renal vein, the left adrenal vein, and left gonadal veins merge into ...

into the dilated left renal vein (arrowhead) and the normal right inferior vena cava (open arrowhead). The embryologically paired superior cardinal veins normally form the SVC on the right and the ...

Gestational edema occurs in late pregnancy secondary to increased venous congestion in the legs caused by pressure exerted mechanically by the uterus onto the inferior vena cava and iliac veins.