The inferior vena cava ... the entrance of the superior vena cava. A few veins merge and drain into the IVC before it makes its way up to the heart: The left renal vein, the left adrenal vein ...

The study added to a limited database about the effects of perioperative IO combinations, which have emerged as standard of ...

and further revealed a 2.2 × 1.0 cm renal vein tumor thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava (Figure 1b) and multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules up to 8 mm in size. Biopsy of the ...

These tumors are exceedingly rare as a primary renal neoplasm ... Ewing sarcoma of the kidney with thrombus extending into the intrahepatic inferior vena cava thrombus (level III).