Various venipuncture sites have been described, including the jugular vein, brachial vein, femoral vein, subcarapacial plexus, dorsal and ventral coccygeal veins and occipital sinus 1,2.

Techniques for jugular, basilic and medial metatarsal venipuncture in psittacine birds are discussed in detail. Although the number of animals used in the US for research annually is documented ...