By contrast, adaptive immunity, which involves lymphocyte-like cells and the antigen-binding receptors they express, is restricted to vertebrates. A major departure in adaptive immunity is evident ...

He doesn't even have a head. If Blob had been born with a spine, or backbone, he would have been a vertebrate. If we give Blob some legs and a head then he can start to move about. There are lots ...

The Fossil Vertebrate and Ichnofossil Collection in the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History has focused on the Paleogene fossil record of the Rocky Mountain region, but our collections ...

A fossil analysis suggests that the yunnanozoan, a wormlike fish that flourished around 520 million years ago, sported structures that were the precursors of the head and jaws of modern vertebrates.