Scientists have been observing this lava lake for decades. It sits over the magma reservoirs under Io's surface. The cooling lava at the center of the lake is ringed by possibly molten magma ...

This is because if water comes into contact with fresh lava that's in the process of cooling, it can spur the formation of specific minerals within the lava. So, find those minerals, and you may ...

On Earth, granite is the result of the cooling of molten lava from a volcano. It could be from a volcano that last erupted 3.5 billion years ago, but it’s still generating heat. It’s a ...