A final elastic constant is Poisson's ratio, n. This is the ratio of the longitudinal to transverse strains in a body subjected to a uniaxial stress and is given by: n = -(lateral strain/tensile ...

Results Mean principal strain values were consistently higher than lateral strains but also had higher amounts of variation, leading to lower iSNR values. However, over the longitudinal study of ...

Typically, six-axis force and torque sensors are used in strain gauges, piezoelectric devices and optical ... There are three measurement ranges for force. X-axis force is a longitudinal measurement ...