The pathophysiology of how hyperkalemia develops is typically multifactorial. In patients with CHF, hyperkalemia relates to variable contributions from two controlling processes: alterations in ...

Metabolic acidosis has three main root causes: increased acid production, loss of bicarbonate, and a reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete excess acids. Metabolic acidosis can lead to acidemia ...

The drug can sometimes cause life-threatening hyperkalemia, however, when used in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (which are also indicated for heart failure).

Hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening arrhythmia, and thus recognizing related patterns on the ECG is crucial. The ECG findings of hyperkalemia change as the potassium level increases, from ...

Peaked T waves best seen in the precordial leads, shortened QT interval and, sometimes, ST segment depression. Widening of the QRS complex. This usually requires a potassium level of 6.5 or ...