the anode and the cathode. The anode is selected to have a high work function in order to minimize the barrier for hole injection to the highest occupied molecular orbital of the organic layer ...

Proton batteries utilize hydrogen ions for energy storage and transfer, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional metal-ion batteries. Their design incorporates a proton-exchange membrane, an ...

Conventional batteries have anodes and cathodes, but a new design from the University of Chicago and the University of California San Diego lacks an anode. While this has been done before ...