Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., ...

allowing the inner nucleus pulposus material to leak out." This is what a herniated disc is, and the pain and impeded movement associated with one is caused by this rupture changing the shape or ...

Lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) are common spine pathologies with different clinical presentations and interventions. HNP generally has an acute onset ...