Careful auscultation of heart murmurs is an extremely valuable ... M = mitral valve post (apex) E = “Erb’s point” Note that both the aortic and pulmonic listening posts are considered ...

Dynamic auscultation refers to using maneuvers to alter hemodynamic parameters during cardiac auscultation in order to diagnose the etiology of a heart sound or murmur. The Valsalva maneuver is ...