An abstract is a summary of a piece of academic writing. The abstract appears in multiple locations, including at the start of a publication, in conference proceedings, and in electronic databases.

The beginnings of abstract art are hard to pinpoint. Yet, if a date for the beginning of abstract art had to be given, research suggests a general consensus around 1910.

Abstract art has its roots in early human civilisation ... their vision was of an art of the everyday, constructed for the good of society. Some even said what they were doing was not art ...