The Moon does not make its own light like a star. The Moon appears bright because it reflects light from the Sun. Like the Earth, half of the Moon faces towards the Sun, and half faces away from it.
There’s a pattern to all of this: from Earth, Venus appears to have an eight-year cycle in which it orbits the sun 13 times. This current apparition of Venus at the bright “Evening Star ...
Around 4.6 billion years ago, the sun itself was surrounded by a protoplanetary disk from which the planets, including Earth, took shape. As the absence of this disk in the modern solar system ...