Electrons are best known for carrying electric ... by Jean-Charles Peltier in 1834 — some sixty years before the discovery of the electron. The goal in solid-state refrigeration is to create ...
The New Zealander had discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911 and further investigations by Bohr led to his quantum model of the atom where electrons travel around the nucleus in certain orbits. When ...
There are processes that can accelerate electrons from more sedate energy levels, including the solar storms generated by the flares and coronal mass ejections that are so frequent at the peak of the ...