Carboniferous coal was produced by bark-bearing trees that grew in vast lowland swamp forests. Vegetation included giant club mosses, tree ferns, great horsetails, and towering trees with strap ...

But we've long been missing the earliest part of that picture, with most of our knowledge on this critical stage of Earth's ...

in the underwater depths of the moldering swamps, drew the oxygen they needed from the decaying vegetation. It is this lack of oxygen which makes coal burn (i.e., oxidize) with two and a half ...

"An impacted swamp loses most of its water out the bottom ... A spokesperson for Illawarra Metallurgical Coal said in carrying out longwall mining, it sought to minimise impacts to surface ...

Invertebrate Paleontology; Carbonate Sedimentology; Paleozoic Coal Swamps; Measuring Mg/Ca ratios of permineralized plants and marine invertebrates (echinoderm crinoids) found in Late Pennsylvanian ...