Causes of portal hypertension can be prehepatic (such as portal vein thrombosis), hepatic (commonly liver cirrhosis and hepatic fibrosis) or posthepatic (such as hepatic vein obstruction).

is an important cause of bleeding in patients with cirrhosis associated with portal hypertension. Histologically, the condition is characterized by dilation of the mucosal and submucosal vessels ...

The mechanism by which patients with portal hypertension develop portal hypertensive ... of the free or wedged hepatic vein in hepatic cirrhosis. [22] Various studies have shown that the ...

Treatment for portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis is based on the use of β-blockers with or without organic nitrates; however, these agents are effective in less than 50% of patients ...