“The elephants I grew to know and love at the circus were beaten daily with sharp bull hooks and chained like prisoners for hours on end.” —Tom Rider, former Ringling Bros. employee After nearly nine ...

general manager of the circus’ breeding farm in Florida, testified that most of the female elephants are kept chained by two legs least 16 hours a day, and some are chained 23.5 hours a day at FEI’s ...