Hydrothermal vents are widely seen as a likely setting for those earliest moments, given their crucial combination of heat ...

This makes panspermia substantially different from competing theories of how life on Earth began (aka abiogenesis), the most widely accepted of which is the RNA World Hypothesis. This hypothesis ...

the creation of single celled life ("abiogenesis"), 2) the appearance of photosynthesis that creates oxygen, 3) the emergence of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells, 4) the emergence of ...

The earliest cells likely didn’t have membranes to separate and protect their components and chemistry away from a harsh ...

glacier recession behavior, as well as looking into financial models pertaining to profit gains, losses, and revenue. I am also interested in planetary systems, abiogenesis, philosophy, and theology.

WHY IT RATES: Swan Hellenic is offering a first-of-its-kind expedition series in a partnership with the SETI Institute, ...